PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense

1.Present Perfect Tense'in Yapısı:

Türkçe'de karşıtı bulunmayan bu zaman Türk öğrenciler tarafından kavranması oldukca güç olmaktadır. Bu zaman iki ögeden meydana gelmektedir. Birincisi aynen geniş zamanda kullandığımız şekliyle 'have' yardımcı fiilidir. İkincisi ise esas fiil olarak kullanacağımız fiilin ücüncü şeklidir.
Fiilin ücüncü şekli fiile -ed eklenerek yapılan Regular Verbs (Düzenli Fiiler) ya da fiilin değişime uğradığı Irregular Verbs (Düzensiz Fiiller)'dir.

Olumlu (Subject + have + verb 3) I have studied English. You have given the clues. He has read the book. She has visited the museum. It has flown. We have bought a new car. They have gone to New York. Olumsuz (Subject + have not + verb 3) I haven't written the letter. You haven't replied. He hasn't watched the film. She hasn't cooked the meal. It hasn't drunk the milk. We haven't asked the question. They haven't completed the construction. Soru (Have + Subject + Verb 3) Have I asked that question? Have You read the newspaper? Has he clarified the problem? Has she had an accident? Has it climbed the wall? Have we solve the problem? Have they sold the house? Olumsuz Soru (Have not + subject + verb 3) Haven't I read that book? Haven't You painted the room? Hasn't he known that? Hasn't she played the piano? Hasn't it worked out? Haven't we warned them? Haven't they gone to the meeting?

Örnek 1: to work,

Olumlu	Olumsuz	Soru
I have worked	I haven't worked	Have I worked?
You have worked	You haven't worked	Have you worked?
He, she, it has worked	He, she, it hasn't worked	Has he,she,it worked
We have worked	We haven't worked	Have we worked?
You have worked	You haven't worked	Have you worked?
They have worked	They haven't worked	Have they worked?

Örnek 2: to go,

Olumlu	Olumsuz	Soru
I have gone	I haven't gone	Have I gone?
You have gone	You haven't gone	Have you gone?
He, she, it has gone	He, she, it hasn't gone	Has he,she,it gone
We have gone	We haven't gone	Have we gone?
You have gone	You haven't gone	Have you gone?
They have gone	They haven't gone	Have they gone?

2. Kullanım
Present Perfect Tense geçmiş ile şu an arasındaki bağlantıyı göstermek için kullanılır. Eylem daha önce başlamıştır ama belirsizdir ve eylemin kendisinden çok sonucu önemlidir.

Present perfect Tense'in kullanılışı:

1. Hal ya da eylem geçmişte başlamıştır ve şu anda devam etmektedir.
Örneğin: I have lived in Afyon since 1995 (= and I still do.)

2. Bir süredir devam eden eylem henüz tamamlanmamıştır.
Örneğin: She has been to the theatre five times this week (= and the month isn't over yet.)

3. Geçmiş ile şu an arasında belirsiz bir zaman diliminde tekrarlanan bir eylemi anlatır.
Örneğin: We have visited Cyprus several times.

4.Çok yakın bir geçmişte tamamlanmış bir eylemi anlatır. (just zarfı ile ifade edilir.)
Örneğin: I have just finished my homework.

5. Zamanı önemsiz olan bir eylemi anlatır.
Örneğin: He has read 'Great Gatsby'. (Kitabın okunması yani sonuç önemlidir.)

Önemli Not: when, where, who sorularına ayrıntılı cevaplar vermek istediğimizde , simple past tense kullanırız..
Örneğin: He read 'Great Gatsby' last week.

Örnekler:

1. Geçmişte başlamış ve şu anda devam eden eylemler.
a. They haven't lived here for years.
b. She has worked in the bank for five years.
c. We have had the same car for ten years.
d. Have you played the piano since you were a child?

2. Bir süredir devam eden ve tamamlanmamış eylemler.
a. I have worked hard this week.
b. It has rained a lot this year.
c. We haven't seen her today.

3. Geçmiş ile şu an arasında belirsiz bir zaman diliminde tekrarlanan eylemler.
a. They have seen that film four times.
b. It has happened several times already.
c. She has visited them frequently.
d. We have drunk coffee at that cafe many times.

4.Yakın geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler (+just).
a. Have you just finished work?
b. I have just eaten.
c. We have just watched the program.
d. Has he just arrive?

5. Zamanı belirsiz ya da önemsiz olan eylemler.
a. Someone has eaten my cake!
b. Have you seen 'Life's an Adventure?
c. She's studied Geograpy, Maths and Science.